International economics and finance The WritePass Journal

International economics and finance PART ONE INTRODUCTION International economics and finance PART ONE INTRODUCTIONPART TWO Structure of Balance of Payment AccountHow does a Balance of Payment Account balances?Causes of Balance of Payment Surplus or DeficitsReasons for Deficits and Financing a Short Term DeficitWays of rectifying / correcting a DeficitPART THREE CONCLUSIONPART FOUR REFERENCING AND BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated PART ONE INTRODUCTION The most basic needs in an economic functioning is the starting of the expanding deficit and natural resources which are the essentials of making manufactured goods and are the most important foundation of consumption of economy. As the impact on the financial and economic development is a very entensive debate on its desirability in United Kingdom. Globalisation in both developed and developing countries have changed prior to the relatively unnoticed capital flows in the 1990’s.   The  UK  is one of the richest countries in the world, especially with the current decline in the global economy. They are one of very few that is managing to keep their heads above water. As broadly defined, a Balance of Payment Account records all of the financial transactions of the government with the rest of the world (international economy) over a period of one year.   (Begg D, 1987). Essentially, each transaction is always recorded relating with the double-entry bookekeeping. Any amount involved must be entered on each of the two sides of the balance of payment accounts to complete the balances.   If the two sides of the balalcen of payment account are not the same, then the case if imbalance occurs. Therefore, these balances are referred to as surpluses or deficits in the balance of payment account. This assignment attempts to discuss how can there be deficits or surpluses of the balance of payment account if the balance of payment account must always balance. With the introduction in the first part, it states the definition and principles of balance of payment. Part two consists of Structure of a balance of payment account, how does balance of payment account balance, causes of balance of payment surplus or deficit, reasons for financing a short term deficit and the steps in rectifying or correcting the deficit. Part three is the last part where there is a conclusion of any suggestions pertaining why the balance of payment account must always balance. Part four states the referencing and bibliography and details of the sources of information used in this essay. PART TWO Structure of Balance of Payment Account The Balance of Payment Account is divided into two sections where the current account measures both the trade in goods and trade in services whilst the capital account tracks associated money flows with investment, services and the currency stabilisation of the UK.   Any credit transaction must have a corresponding debit entry so therefore; the sums must always be equal or balance at the end of each transaction made. In 1998 the UK’s Balance of Payments transactions were brought into consideration with other members of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The Balance of Payment’s statistics was classified into groups as follows: the current account, the capital account, the financial account and the international investment position. How does a Balance of Payment Account balances? As it has always been at the back of my mind when I was taught about the accounting principle of double entry, in every balance sheet there is a credit and debit entry. Every credit entry must have a sorresponding debit entry ans should always have an agreed sum of equal balance. Wherevet there is a surplus, there must be a deficit because they come to terms in a financial transaction and offset each other. Whenever the current account is a surplus, then there should be a deficit in the capital account. If there is a deficit in the capital account then it means that there is abruptly a rise in investment for the UK in the outside world but it cannot last because the other countries wolud also not want to be selling their assets to make another country benifiting from them. If the UK faces a current account surplus, then it is said to be that there is a flow of trade in goods and services funds. A current account surplus leads to an increase of external assets outside the UK. On the other hand, if the current acount is on deficit there is a decrease of assets which are sold to finance the country. Each external transaction is entered in both the current and capital accounts to show the original transaction and how it has been financed. Causes of Balance of Payment Surplus or Deficits There can be so many ways of causes of the balance of payment reaching the level of surplus or deficits. There might be a time when other outside countries are facing current account deficits whilst the UK is facing current account surplus. Therefore this is the most essential time to point out what causes the current account deficit before trying to find ways of correcting them. The causes are explained below as follows: An over valued exchange rate can be a factor of current account deficit as it is believed that it is a branch of the exchange rate being too high which can lead to high export rate and high foreign markets when the import rate is going cheaper.   The rising and falling of the imports and exports will affect the current account. The rising of the level of the economic growth can also be a good reason for current account deficit because when consumption and investment tends to rise, there is an increase in spending for consumers which will encourage the deteriorating of the current account. The greater the marginal propensity of import, there will be an increase in imports too. Lack of capacity productivity, poor pricing and non-pricing competition can cause current account deficit because if there in insufficient capacity to meet the needs from their consumers from the producers, then the imported goods and services comes into terms with the satisfaction of excessive demand. Quality, design, offers and reliability can also be considered as they are very important factors. Whereas inflation is seen as a key role for international competitiveness. It the inflation rate of the UK is higher to the rest of the world, and then it will be less competitive to the rest of the world.the UK’s manufacturing sector has suffered over the last 25years because of low cost of production in some new industralised countries which is a declining comparative advantage. Reasons for Deficits and Financing a Short Term Deficit Ways of rectifying / correcting a Deficit There can be ways in rectifying a deficit in the UK with government policies such as Expenditure Reducing Policies and Expenditure Switching Policies. In expenditure reducing policies, there can be higher direct taxes which can lead to a lower disposable income, increased interest rates to soften consumer confidence and consumption, and even the excess in the economy. By reducing the growth of domestic demand, it may encourage UK businesses to switch their production towards export markets. In other words, expenditure switching policies raises sterling price of imports, higher profitability of exporting but there can be an impact of lower exchange rate which depends on elasticity of overseas demand for UK exports. There can also be an instance of achieving a period of low relative inflation which helps the British economy with macroeconomic stability and important for their competitiveness. PART THREE CONCLUSION Currently, the UK is experiencing a current accouant deficit which is getting worst. On the other hand, it ignores the fact that trade deficits are linked to a weak pound currency. The government policy which is aimed at bringing an improvement of trade perrformance does not necessarily turn a deficit into a surplus but hence, the trade deficit is increasing around the world economy as the outside world is accpting the pounds in return for their import payments. The best thing the UK should dois to ignore the trade deficits and concentrate on the how to have a strong economy to attract foreign investment. Investors around the world are seeing the UK as a safe and profitable place for their savings so therefore, the trade deficit will still persisit and the British are better off because of it. PART FOUR REFERENCING AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Richard G L AND Chrystal K.A (2004) (10th Ed) Economics, Oxford: Oxford University

Diplomatic, political and military reasons for the United States Essay

Diplomatic, political and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War - Essay Example As news of the rebellious activities in Massachusetts reached Philadelphia, George Washington was selected to lead the Continental army, a well organised army (Neimeyer 6). The Continental military of the American had a great strong leader who was resilient and never gave up as seen in the paper. General Gage conducted a police action on the rebels but the well trained military personnel were defeated by a larger number of untrained rebels. The American army was determined to fight and they were not afraid of the British prowess. Even though they were untrained, they were resilient and were able to force the British to evacuate Boston. General William Howe replaced General Gage and brought new combat rules. He was a peace commissioner and this limited his roles as a military leader as he also used diplomatic means. George Washington tried to hold General Howe with a troop of twenty thousand men while he had thirty two thousand men. Even after General Howe offering to negotiate, Georg e Washington was adamant in his struggle to free America. Washington was also good at weighing his options and used to retreat to reduce casualty of his troops. He retreated severally when Howe’s army was too large to defeat, going to the extent of retreating to New Jersey all the way from New York (Neimeyer 10). Washington was a strategist and used his troops to attack when Howe had scattered his troops in winter. The Indians and Hessians allied to Major General Horatio, an American, refused to help General Burgoyne, a British, who lost at the Battles of Saratoga. Americans would unite to help other Americans thus, having the ability to defeat the British. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben and Nathanael Greene played a great role to unify the Continental army in the winter of 1777 and helped them emerge stronger and better. Washington ensured that his troops did not coerce the civilians, therefore, enjoying popularity unlike the British commanders (Crawford 297). In the oceans, the Americans had John Paul ones leading the fleets and helping reduce the impact of the British navy. Guerrilla warfare and tactics were led Francis Marion who led the southern forces and attacked the British by surprise. Diplomatic Reasons Benjamin Franklin helped a great deal to foster diplomacy between the Americans and the French as he was the ambassador to France. France joined in the revolutionary war against the British through Benjamin Franklin’s efforts in 1776. The French provided the Continental with extra equipment, military men, ships and money. The supplies that were brought during the battle of Lexington and Concord are said to have originated from the French (Crawford 298). After the British were defeated at the Battle of Saratoga, the French played a big role in the independence of America. The French Navy helped Washington by attack and defeating Admiral Thomas Graves’ fleet, which led to the events that forced Lord Cornwallis to surrender at Yorktow n. In 1780 the British’s loss at the Battle of Yorktown forced parliament to withdraw military activity in American. John Jay, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin were the peace commissioners who met in Paris to pressure the British into agreeing to recognise America as an independent country. This happened in October 1782 as the United States commissioners agreed to sign some articles with the British (Neimeyer 21). Political Reasons After the British decided to tax the American people

Performance appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Performance appraisal - Essay Example To make a worker realize his responsibility is the duty of that organization. One gets paid for one’s performance which is known as ‘pay for performance’ in a corporate world. An organization can decide the wages for an employee based on the performance appraisal, the ratings of which ranges from interpersonal skills, technical skills, and various other assets. While one of its functions being wage increment, the other is to determine if the tasks given for a team is being carried out in a timely fashion and appropriately. This has a positive impact on the growth of the organization and in finding out areas that require bigger improvement. Organizations prefer having a performance appraisal once in every 3 to 6 months to determine increments in wages. This illustrates how dominant a performance appraisal is in superior firms especially in Multinational Corporations where more than a million employees work with analogous qualifications. It is not essential that app raisals are meant to be positive. Rather a pessimistic feedback in an optimistic style can foster perfection in the employee. Different categories of performance appraisal include general, technological, manager, employee self-assessment, and Project evaluation appraisals of which general appraisal is an overall feedback about how far the team has completed an assigned project with all the requirements met properly. An outlook on technical proficiency of an employee with his specialization set right is what technological appraisal focuses on.

External envelope (consruction technolgy and materials) Essay

External envelope (consruction technolgy and materials) - Essay Example Facilitation of roadmap meetings and documentation has been performed by the department of energy's office of building technology, state and community programs (BTS) which manages the largest buildings RD& D program in the federal government. By joining forces to implement this technology roadmap, leaders in industry are laying the groundwork for residential housing that is increasingly adaptable, durable, energy and resource efficient, comfortable, and supportive of health and well-being. Modern's methods of constructions are giving architects and specify a great freedom in design that ever before. As well as the new commonly used timer frame and brick and block, insulating concrete forms (ICFs) are raising their profile in the industry. Becoming a viable alternative in providing speedy installation, and satisfaction insulation legislation. Having being used extensively in the U.S. and Canada for over 30 years, companies such as Polysteel are now developing their use in the U.K. projects such as the sovereign Harbor development in East Bourne are taking advantage of ICF's fast track construction. Inclusive design is the only guaranteed method of ensuring that a building is suitable for all disabled people who wish to use it. Inclusive design is about the specification of the building, about the intent to make it suitable for everyone to use. It blends the natural flow of the building in a way that takes account of the requirement of all groups disabled inclusive. U.K BUILDING REGULATIONS The approved document, part M of the U.K.'s building regulations gives some explanation of the reasons for each of its requirements it is in this section of the document that designers and spacefarers can see how to create an interesting building, one that will still satisfy the need of all, including disabled people, according to building products magazine.. In recent years the government has been making "all the right noise" on the environment. There is no doubt that the U.K. is one of the nations leading the way aware of the long-term consequences for us all. I will state here that if we drastically reduce the amount of Co2 emissions this country currently generate, we will contribute to the well being of the entire planet. However, there are three basic measures to be taken: better insulation for our properties making them less reliant on heating; making better use of what nature can offer in terms of wind, ware and solar energy, and most importantly, get our domestic and commercial heating systems running more efficiently. Part L of the building regulations in England and Wales has been a stipulation that boilers fitted into new properties are of the high efficiency type, with the resultant reduction in consumption of gas. According to Stephen Magdalena "over the years, architectural recast concrete cladding panels have built track records of meeting essential client requirements in a wide range of application.." MATERIAL UTILIZATIONS Of course the decision to prefabricate must be taken early and the specialist full advantage is to be gained. The range of caddy finishes available can be split into two groups: those where the actual concrete in on view and those where the concrete forms a backing to other materials. In all cases, quality is guaranteed

War Theories :: The Godfather Mafia The Good Fellows Essays

War Theories â€Å"War does not justify death!† Being raised in a Catholic and Republican family, I learned there was a right and wrong times to make this kind of statement at the dinner table. I was patted on the back for not supporting the death penalty because of my faith, an example of saying the right thing at the right time. However, I was also told that the reasoning America was at war was in order to stand for freedom and support the President’s decision. Stating that war does not justify death at this time would be a very wrong idea. Thus from a young age I learned how certain circumstances can permit one to safely state that death in war is justifiable. Today as an American citizen living in the War on Terror I am faced to battle these two ideas; death not justifying death vs. death in war being completely justifiable. Through this class, I have learned one statement does not work in all circumstances. War and its causes can be evaluated through four different theor ies; political realism, democratic peace theory, revolution and war, and regime change in democracies. All four theories define circumstances that justify death and circumstances in which death is not justifiable. There are many people whose professional job is to kill, such as soldiers and assassins. The most interesting aspect of these professions are that they are chosen, and further more many soldiers operate under the religious belief set that they will go to heaven regardless if they took another human’s life. The justification for many military professionals, such as the America military, is that they follow a strict code of ethics that defines rules for engagement and conduct. These sets of rules is used under the justification that it maintains stability and preserves human life. Even though the majority of prevalent religions follow a doctrine that condones violence and murder, military professionals’ belief under these established set of rules that they must kill or be killed. Military professionals also hold the belief that they are honored service men, not murders or criminals. Murders kill in greed or for the satisfaction of taking another human’s life, l icit killing. The honored service men engage in violence and killing acting under the responsibility of defending democracy. The real killing is not justifiable is random or murder for kicks down by murders and bad guys, illicit killing.

Recommendation for the Location for Maigue-Pascua’s RTW’s Expansion Essay

Introduction This document is to suggest the appropriate property to hold the expansion of Maigue-Pascua’s RTW. After their second bi-monthly meeting for this year, owners decided to pursue the building of a new branch to cater the needs of their growing number of customers. Other preparations, such as the budget allocation and manpower, are already taken care of except for the location. This recommendation report proposes several spots that would suffice the needs of the company. Background Maigue-Pascua’s RTW has been established since 2009 owned by Ms Jinky Maigue and Mr James Pascua. It offers fair-priced yet high-quality and trendsetting garments that’s suitable for their target demographic: students/teenagers. Due to the increasing demands for their products, the business partners opt to have a business expansion and to make a new image of being a top-line clothing store. Financial and marketing strategies are already made for this project but their main problem is the location. They currently have one branch, which is conveniently placed in the heart of the market. Now, they are looking for a place wherein they could offer the same convenience and is also low-priced. The partners also want to venture on broadening their market scope. Options/Proposals †¢ A stall on a mini-bazaar outside a high-end village. Located on its right side is another clothing shop and on the left are a few more vacant stalls. It costs P60000 per month. †¢ A P72000-worth of monthly rent for a stand between a bank and a drugstore near a public market. †¢ An establishment on lease for P61000 on an upscale shopping centre. It is placed near a coffee shop/bookstore and in front of the centre’s leisure park. †¢ A kiosk beside a food stall built on a public park. Its monthly rent is P50000. The expanses of all the proposed locations are all approved by the business partners. Criteria/Requirements The location should be customer-friendly, convenient, marketable, and reasonably-priced and should offer a wider market scope. Other matters, such as the expanse and the interior, were already taken into consideration on the first phase of planning. The aforementioned considerations should be followed in deciding for the location of the company’s expansion. Comparisons The points of comparisons are the following: ambience, competitions, price and demographics. Ambiance. The stall is favourable to the residents of the nearby village due to its close proximity but the atmosphere of the mini-bazaar is not fitting to the new image that the company wishes to build. The stand, on the other hand, is misplaced. The location is not suitable for an apparel store. Consequently, the air in the establishment portrays the exact change that the owners want for their business. And lastly, the kiosk sets a good mood for it is placed on a recreational area. Competitions. All of them don’t have a nearby shop that offers the same product except for the stall. Price. The prices of the four locations range from P50000-P72000. The kiosk is the cheapest and the stand is the most expensive. Demographics. The stand and the kiosk don’t meet the entity’s customer target because their locations are too public while the establishment and the stall are in line with their goal of widening their scope from the student/teenager to the upperclassmen. The latter are more likely to bring in the desired customer due to its location. Conclusion Based on the comparisons aforementioned, these conclusions were drawn: 1. The most suitable ambience is from the establishment on the shopping centre. 2. The monthly rent of the kiosk is the lowest. 3. The stall’s location is more likely to have competition. 4. The  establishment and the stall best suit the new target market of the entity. 5. The establishment gives off a good atmosphere, is reasonably-priced, has less competition and matches the new demographic of the entity. Recommendation Maigue-Pascua RTW should consider using the establishment on the shopping centre for several reasons. First, it is in sync with the new image that the entity wanted to build up. Second, it is relatively cheap for a store in a fancy centre. Third, it would help in bringing in a new demographic in the entity’s customer. Having a branch in a shopping centre is quite a huge risk but with the projected sales of the company and future influx of customers, the company will pick up in the long run.

Poetry Of Romanticism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1524 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Romanticism Essay Did you like this example? A young writerrs first introduction to poetry begins with the schoolyard classics: The lunatic, the lover, and the poet are of imagination all compact, as Shakespearers line rings. Dickenson states much madness is Divinest sense. I became insane with long intervals of horrible sanity. goes Edgar Allan Poe. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Poetry Of Romanticism" essay for you Create order And while Sylvia Plath desperately questioned, Is there no way out of the mind? Anne Sexton admits that Poetry led me by the hand out of madness. The most popular themes of poetry have been the same throughout its history: depression, bipolar disorder, paranoia, and just plain insanity, all glazed with a lens of romance. In this essay, I will analyze three poems by three writers not just famed for language that would influence English creativity forever, but for changing the meaning of creating art through poetry. All three pieces can be found attached to the end of this paper. The Sylvia Plath Effect was first named by James C. Kaufman, a psychologist who took an interest in the creative field, stating the use of Plathrs madness as a tool to analyze the truth of her poetry is the plain fetishization of her condition. A study of sample groups determined that female poets and writers were much more prone to mental health deficiencies than any other women in other creative careers, or male poets, but gave no supporting reasons for why that fact may be true. In the case of women, more often than not the refusal to participate in patriarchial values would have them dismissed as mad or hysterical. The discussion has circled around the stigmas of women being the more oppressed gender in the time of the famed young suicide, but what of the male poets who defied the stoic nature of the 20th century and previous? For me, my fascination with the macabre began with Edgar Allan Poe. While imagery was always taught to be made rich with use of color and shape and texture, Poe reeled me in with dark, muted tones and unsettling shadows and grisly emotion. Although his most popular piece would be The Raven, for the purposes of this essay I will be analyzing Alone to exemplify the classic tormented mind. The poem opens up with an admission, From childhoodrs hour I have not been / As others were / I could not bring / My passions from a common spring† that he had always known from childhood that he saw things differently. His passions were not stemmed from things like spring and light and color; he saw beauty in darkness and abnormality, as that was exactly who he was. His use of em dashes portray abrupt and longing ends to his lines. He goes on, From the same source I have not taken / My sorrow / all I lovd†I lovd alone† explaining that the very thing he found beauty in also brought him great pain, and loneliness. His grief was also his love. He circl es back to childhood, in the dawn / Of a most stormy life†was drawn claiming his life began in shrouded mystery, like begin trapped in a storm, From evry depth of good and ill / The mystery which binds me still† all the joy and grief in his life are woven into him as a code that neither he or anyone else can decipher, only observe. His ability to express this mystery weighs him down, binds him to the despair. Poe uses color next to describe the storm red cliff of the mountain and autumn tint of gold are the colors of his dawn. Alone closes From the thunder, and the storm† / And the cloud that took the form / (When the rest of Heaven was blue) / Of a demon in my view† He continues to be plagued with the darkness, the storm, until the foreseeable end, which finally becomes him, a Lopez, 2 cursed demon. Poe intertwined the beauty of landscape with the gloom of his own depression or his otherness from most people. His fascinating and unique perspective of enamor begins a path of romanticism for like-minded artists. In the century following Poers example, the next giant and most notable, in my opinion, of dangerous romanticism is Sylvia Plath, for whom the phenomenon was named after. In her poem Apprehensions, she describes a room she is in. As she moves from each wall in four stanzas, she exposes four sides of herself, her different and alternating moods and eyes with which she sees reality. The first wall is white: clean, pure, angelic. She describes a white wall as green, a color symbolizing life and growth. On this white wall, she also finds her medium, which is poetry. Poetry on the white wall is her solace amongst the other three. The next wall is grey, where there is no life, and where Plath feels she needs to escape by describing claw marks, perhaps of her own accord. This sadness wall is when she questions Is there no way out of the mind? The third wall is red and filled with pain. The red wall, fittingly the color of blood, is a pulsating fist that makes up herself, along with a terror / of being wheeled off under crosses expressing her fear of life to be comparable to the reign of a church. The final wall is black, which classicly symbolizes death. Her e are described birds, much like Poers raven, ominous and crying out. Plaths tone alternates with each new stanza, ranging from a muted calm to agony and despair. Although her style varies from the well known Plath, therers something very distinctly feminine about Sextonrs work. One of Anne Sextonrs most famous poems Wanting to Die is deeply rooted in her lifelong battle with mental illness and depression. In Wanting to Die, Sexton explains her rotating feelings about death, having possessed the enemy, eaten the enemy, / have Lopez, 3 taken on his craft, his magic. forming a deep understanding of what itrs like to be death itself, entranced by its attraction, and even admitting spell-binding herself into a romance with death. She describes her relationship with death becoming as a lover or a friend that waits for her to so delicately undo an old wound, relieving her from the dazed and purposeless state of her life. In this way, Sexton is convinced that the certainty of death is far more inviting than being constantly betrayed by a life that year after year keeps her waiting for its end. Personifying death as both a man and a woman in this poem suggests a duality in Sextonrs sexuality, but more generally, that death is an alluring temptress to any person. While traditionally portrayed as a terrifying figure such as the grim reaper, many literates describe death as an ally, often a roman tic partner. Sexton cannot remember most days of her life before her lust for death. Death gave her something to search for, in the same way one longs for a lover, and promises for certainty than life does. Perhaps handing the reins of her existence to death is a much more appealing alternative of struggling to control it herself. So why is the poet drawn to madness? A common thread that runs through each of these poems is the braid of beauty with tragedy, or beauty and despair at least. This method along with the grey area between a poets work and a poetrs life has seduced readers of vulnerable and malleable minds to think that mimicking the lifestyles and outlook, no matter how alien to oneself, will result in more successful work. Some believe that expressing toxic emotions through writing can relieve their anxieties. But for others, such as writers who make a practice of reliving pain, it leaves a strive to maintain the joy of being successful with the long-term effects that come with producing it. For young writers experimenting with identity through the art of Lopez, 4 poetry, assimilating to the morbid voices of fallen artists creates the ideal that depression and other mental illnesses will solicit the same legacy. Spoken word artist Laura Dockrill says I think youve always got to be interested in a slightly different aspect of the universe to even want to pick up a pen and analyze the world through poetry, Perhaps by observing reality through a slightly different aspect poets revel in the things that make life different from that of an uncreative person, who might find satisfaction in accepting the world as it is as opposed to interpreting what it might mean. Although science hasnt given an answer as to what makes a person creative, poets have already discovered that itrs in the way one navigates the social rules and the conflict thereafter. Poet Luke Write says, I dont think you have to be mad to be a poet but if your mind is alive, then it can produce both positive and negative responses. It can mean wonderful things but it can mean that fitting into normal life is difficult. A healthier and perhaps ore accurate perspective on these morose voices is not to credit their demons for the work, but to credit the writer for the work in spite of the demons.